本届奥运会将新增5个比赛项目，其中空手道、滑板、竞技攀岩、冲浪这四个非常时尚的大项目都将首次亮相。主要目的就是为了吸引年轻人参与，提升奥运赛事的活力。一起了解一下新增的5个项目，来看看有没有你的菜吧！
What are the new sports at the Tokyo Olympic Games?
It's been a long time coming, but finally, the Tokyo 2020 Olympics are almost upon us.
因为新冠疫情而被推迟一年之后，2020东京奥运终于将要登场。
Everyone has their favourite sports that they make sure not to miss when the Games roll around, but there are plenty of new additions to get excited about this year.
每个人热爱的奥运比赛项目都各有不同，历届奥运也都推出不同的新增比赛项目，而这些新增比赛项目增加了观赛的看点，吸引更多不同喜好的人关注奥运。
The International Olympic Committee added five sports - and 34 new events in total - to the Tokyo programme in a bid to attract younger audiences and reflect "the trend of urbanisation of sport".
为本届奥运赛事有五项新运动加入，包括空手道、滑板、冲浪、运动攀岩以及棒球/垒球。这五项新运动的加入增加了18个奖牌项目和一共34场比赛，预料将吸引更多年轻观众，掀起一股“城市运动”的热潮。
So what's new? Let's get you up to speed.
让我们一起来看看都有哪些新项目吧。
Karate
空手道
Karate originated on the Japanese island of Okinawa, and there are two disciplines of the martial art being contested in Tokyo - kata and kumite.
空手道源自于日本冲绳，东京奥运新增的空手道项目共分两类：“型”（预定动作表演练习）和“组手”（对打）的比赛。
Kata - which means 'shape' or 'model' - is a solo discipline, in which competitors, or karatekas, are judged on a series of pre-approved choreographed offensive and defensive movements.
型的意思是“形状”或“模型”，是一种单人进行的比赛。参赛选手完成空手道预设攻防套路的展示，裁判按照选手击打和踢腿的力量、速度、节奏、平衡、稳定性、优美和流畅等要点进行评分。
Kumite, on the other hand, is a combat discipline, and sees karatekas go head-to-head in a three-minute fight. There are three weight classes and they are awarded points for the techniques used.
组手是两人对打的比赛，两名选手在三分钟内进行正面交锋。共分为三个不同重量级分别进行比赛，选手根据所使用的对攻技术获得分数。
There will be 80 athletes competing in karate events at Tokyo 2020 - 60 in kumite and 20 in kata. Both will have an equal split of men and women competing.
东京奥运将有80名选手参加空手道比赛，20名型选手和60名组手选手，男女选手各占一半。
Skateboarding
滑板
There are two disciplines of skateboarding, street and park. Competitors perform individually and are ranked for the overall level of difficulty and originality of their routines.
滑板比赛包括两个竞赛项目：街式赛和公园赛，参赛选手单独表演，并根据其整套动作的难度和原创性进行排名。
Street skateboarding sees athletes take on obstacles including rails, stairs, kerbs, benches, walls and slopes, using each section to demonstrate their skills and tricks during a set time limit.
街式赛的比赛在一条笔直的“街道式”场地举行，场地中设有各种障碍，包括扶手、楼梯、路边缘、长椅、墙壁和斜坡。选手在规定时间内利用每个设施完成技巧和特殊动作展示。
Park skateboarding takes place on a hollowed-out course that features complicated curves. Competitors climb the curves at speed to perform mid-air tricks, accompanied by music.
公园赛在一个充满各种复杂曲线、弧面的凹槽场地中进行。运动员在音乐的伴奏下快速爬上弯道，展示各种空中技巧。
Eighty athletes will compete among four medal events, with men and women competing in both disciplines.
东京奥运将有80名选手参加滑板比赛，角逐男子、女子共4个奖牌项目。
Sport climbing
运动攀岩
At the Olympics, athletes will compete in all three disciplines of climbing - speed, bouldering and lead.
东京奥运会上首次亮相的运动攀岩比赛设为三个分项：速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩。
For the speed event, two athletes climb a 15m-high wall side-by-side on identical routes. It's simple - the first to the top wins.
速度攀岩比赛由两位运动员一左一右同时在高15米的墙壁上按指定路线比拼攀登速度，谁先抵达最高点获胜。
In bouldering, climbers complete a set number of routes, known as problems, in as few attempts as possible on 4.5m-high structures (boulders) with steep overhangs.
抱石攀岩则是运动员在规定的时间内，在布满各种挑战的4.5米高的岩壁上攀爬，如果攀爬中坠落下来可以再次尝试。
Lead climbing is likely to be what you picture when you think of indoor climbing. It will see athletes climb as high as they can within six minutes on a 15m wall.
难度攀岩可能跟你想象中的室内攀岩运动比较相似，运动员在规定的6分钟时间内，在高15米以上的墙壁上比拼攀爬高度，越高越好。
At the end, their rankings are multiplied to give a final score, with the top eight progressing to the final where they do it all again.
攀岩选手将参加全部三项比赛，每个单项排名相乘得出最终成绩。成绩前八的选手进入决赛，再次进行全部三项比拼。
There will be 40 climbers at Tokyo 2020, 20 each in the men's and women's events.
东京奥运会将有40名选手参赛，男女选手各20名。
Surfing
冲浪
The surfing competitions will take place at Tsurigasaki Beach, some 100km away from the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo.
首次登场奥运会的冲浪比赛将在距离东京奥运体育场约100公里的钓崎海岸进行。
During 30-minute heats, athletes will try to catch as many waves as they can, typically around 10-12. Only their two highest-scoring waves are counted.
在为时30分钟的时间内，选手可以尽可能多的冲浪，通常在10到12个左右，其中两个最高分计入该轮成绩。
With no two waves the same, a panel of five judges will assess their performance using a five-point system based on criteria including degree of difficulty, innovation, speed, power and flow.
大海中没有相同的海浪，因此每个浪的得分潜力也各不相同。由5名评委组成的评审团将根据难度、创新、速度、力量和流畅性等标准，使用五分制来评估他们的表现。
The competition is a knockout format, although no-one will be eliminated in the opening round, with lower-ranked surfers going into a repechage-style round.
比赛是一种淘汰赛形式，尽管在首轮比赛中没有人会被淘汰，排名较低的冲浪者将进入补充赛。
Early heats will feature four or five athletes at one time, before they become head-to-head from round three onwards.
预赛每组4到5名选手同时进行，成绩最好的选手进行第三轮的两两对决。
There will be 20 men and 20 women competing.
东京奥运将有20名男子选手和20名女子选手参加冲浪比赛。
Baseball/softball
棒球/垒球
Technically, baseball and softball aren't 'new' sports on the Olympic programme, but they haven't been contested at a Games since Beijing 2008.
严格来说，棒球和垒球项目并非“新增”的奥运项目，不过上次在奥运会上露面还是2008年的北京奥运会。
The basics for both sports are simple. Make the most runs from hitting the ball, before running around bases to reach the home plate.
这两项运动的规则都很简单。尽可能多地击球，然后绕垒跑到本垒板。
They key difference between them, however, are that in baseball, the pitcher bowls overarm, while they do so underarm in softball.
然而，它们之间的主要区别在于，在棒球中，投手碗在手臂上，而在垒球中则是在手臂下。
Both sports will start with a round-robin format, before baseball progresses into knockout games and softball moves straight to the medal matches. Baseball will be played by men only, and softball women only.
这两项运动都将以循环赛形式开始，然后棒球进入淘汰赛，垒球直接进入奖牌角逐。棒球只有男子比赛，垒球只有女子比赛。
What else is new?
还有哪些新项目？
There will be nine new mixed gender events across seven sports:
本届奥运会中有7个运动项目将增加混合比赛项目：
• Archery - mixed team
• Athletics - mixed 4x400m
• Judo - mixed team
• Shooting - mixed 10m air rifle, mixed 10m air pistol, mixed trap
• Swimming - 4x100m mixed medley relay
• Table tennis - mixed doubles
• Triathlon - mixed relay
射箭——男女混合团体赛
田径——4x400米男女混合接力赛
柔道——男女混合团体赛
射击——10米气步枪混合团体赛，10米气手枪混合团体赛，飞碟多向混合团体赛
游泳——4x100米混合泳男女混合接力
乒乓球——男女混合双打
铁人三项——男女混合团体接力赛
There are also further new events debuting at the 2020 Olympics. They are:
本届奥运会还有新亮相的运动项目，它们是：
• Boxing - women's featherweight, women's welterweight
• Canoe slalom - women's C1
• Canoe sprint -women's C1 200m, women's C2 500m
• Cycling - women's madison, BMX freestyle park
• Rowing - women's coxless four
• Swimming - men's 800m freestyle, women's 1500m freestyle
拳击——女子轻量级，女子次中量级
皮划艇激流回旋——女子C1
皮划艇静水竞速——女子C1 200米，女子C1 500米
场地自行车——女子麦迪逊赛，自由式小轮车公园赛
赛艇——女子四人单桨
游泳——男子800米自由泳，女子1500米自由泳